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Creators/Authors contains: "Kretschmann, Jan"

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  1. In this paper, we study the total displacement statistic of parking functionsfrom the perspective of cooperative game theory. We introduce parking games,which are coalitional cost-sharing games in characteristic function formderived from the total displacement statistic. We show that parking games aresupermodular cost-sharing games, indicating that cooperation is difficult(i.e., their core is empty). Next, we study their Shapley value, whichformalizes a notion of fair cost-sharing and amounts to charging each car forits expected marginal displacement under a random arrival order. Our maincontribution is a polynomial-time algorithm to compute the Shapley value ofparking games, in contrast with known hardness results on computing the Shapleyvalue of arbitrary games. The algorithm leverages the permutation-invariance oftotal displacement, combinatorial enumeration, and dynamic programming. Weconclude with open questions around an alternative solution concept forsupermodular cost-sharing games and connections to other areas incombinatorics. 
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    Free, publicly-accessible full text available November 4, 2025